Thursday, December 26, 2019

Torralba and Ambrona - Lower Paleolithic Sites in Spain

Torralba and Ambrona are two open-air Lower Paleolithic (Acheulean) sites located two kilometers (about 1 mile) apart on the Ambrona River in the Soria region of Spain, 150 km (93 mi) northeast of Madrid, Spain. The sites are at ~1100-1150 meters (3600-3750 feet) above sea level on either side of the Masegar river valley. Both were thought by excavators F. Clark Howell and Leslie Freeman to contain important evidence for 300,000-year-old hunting and butchering of mammoth by Homo erectus—a pretty revolutionary idea for the 1960s. More recent investigations and developing technologies have shown that Torralba and Ambrona do not have identical stratigraphies, and were occupied at least 100,000 years apart. Further, research has rejected much of Howell and Freemans ideas of the site. Although Torralba and Ambrona turned out not at all to be what their primary excavators thought, the importance of the two sites lies in the notion of ancient butchering and how that stimulated the development of techniques to define what evidence would support that type of behavior. Recent research at Ambrona has also supported the North African origin for the Iberian Acheulean during the Middle Pleistocene. Cutmarks and Taphonomy Howell and Freeman believed that the two sites represented the mass killing and butchering of extinct elephants, deer, and cows that took place at the side of a lake approximately 300,000 years ago. Elephants were driven into the marshes by fire, they hypothesized, then dispatched with wooden spears or stones. Acheulean bifaces and other stone tools were then used to batter open the animal skulls; sharp-edged flakes were used to slice meat and disarticulate joints. American archaeologist Lewis Binford, writing about the same time, argued that although the evidence didnt support butchering or killing, it did support scavenging behavior: but even Binford didnt have the technological advances that have dissolved the previous interpretations. Howell based his argument for hunting and butchery on the presence of cutmarks—longitudinal slices evident in the surfaces of the bones. This argument was tested in a seminal article by American archaeologists Pat Shipman and Jennie Rose, whose microscopic investigations first began to define the diagnostic features of cut marks. Shipman and Rose found that there was a very small percentage of genuine cutmarks in the bone assemblages, accounting for less than 1% of the bones they looked at. In 2005, Italian archaeologist Paolo Villa and colleagues described further taphonomic studies of the faunal assemblage from Ambrona and concluded that while bone and stone artifacts show varying degrees of mechanical abrasion, there is no clear evidence of either hunting or butchery. Animal Bone and Tool Assemblages Animal bone from the Lower Complex levels from Ambrona (dated to 311,000-366,000 based on Uranium Series-Electron Spin Resonance U/ESR) are dominated by extinct elephant bone (Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus), deer (Dama cf. dama and Cervus elaphus), horse (Equus caballus torralbae) and cattle (Bos primigenius). Stone tools from both sites are associated with the Acheulean tradition, although there are very few of them. According to Howell and Freemans two sets of excavations, ivory points were found at both sites: Torralbas assemblages included 10 and Ambrona 45, all made from elephant tusks. However, Villa and DErricos 2001 investigations of those points revealed a broad variability in length, width, and stem length, inconsistent with patterned tool production. Based on the presence of eroded surfaces, Villa and DErrico concluded that none of the points are indeed points at all, but rather are natural remnants of elephant tusk breakage. Stratigraphy and Dating A close examination of the assemblages indicates that they were likely disturbed. Torralba assemblages, in particular, appear disturbed, with up to one-third of the bones exhibiting edge-rounding, a characteristic thought to be the result of the erosive effects of having been rolled in water. Both occupations are large in area, but with a low density of artifacts, suggesting that the smaller and lighter elements have been removed, again suggesting dispersal by water, and surely by a combination of displacement, redeposition, and perhaps mixing between adjacent levels. Research at Torralba and Ambrona Torralba was discovered during installation of a railway in 1888 and first excavated by the Marques de Cerralbo in 1907–1911; he also discovered the Ambrona site. The two sites were first systematically excavated by F. Clark Howell and Leslie Freeman in 1961–1963 and again in 1980–1981. A Spanish team led by Santonja and Perez-Gonzalez ran an interdisciplinary research project at Ambrona between 1993–2000, and again between 2013–2015. The most recent excavations at Ambrona have been part of work identifying evidence for an African origin of the Acheulean stone tool industry in the Iberian peninsula between MIS 12-16. Ambronas levels dated to MIS 11 included characteristic Acheulean handaxes and cleavers; other sites supporting an African Acheulean include Gran Dolina and Cuesta de la Bajada among others. This represents, say Santonja and colleagues, evidence of an influx of African hominids across the straits of Gibraltar approximately 660,000-524,000 years ago. Sources Falguà ¨res C, Bahain J-J, Pà ©rez-Gonzà ¡lez A, Mercier N, Santonja M, and Dolo J-M. 2006. The Lower Acheulian site of Ambrona, Soria (Spain): ages derived from a combined ESR/U-series model. Journal of Archaeological Science 33:149–157.Postigo-Mijarra JM, Gà ³mez-Manzaneque F, and Morla C. 2017. Woody macroremains from the Acheulian site of Torralba: Occurrence and palaeoecology of Pinus cf. sylvestris in the Middle Pleistocene of the Iberian Peninsula. Comptes Rendus Palevol 16(3):225–234.Shipman P, and Rose J. 1983. Evidence of butchery and hominid activities at Torralba and Ambrona; an evaluation using microscopic techniques. Journal of Archaeological Science 10(5):465–474.Santonja M, Pà ©rez-Gonzà ¡lez A, Panera J, Rubio-Jara S, and Mà ©ndez-Quintas E. 2016. The coexistence of Acheulean and Ancient Middle Palaeolithic techno-complexes in the Middle Pleistocene of the Iberian Peninsula. Quaternary International 411(Part B):367-377.Santonja M, Rubio-Ja ra S, Panera J, Sà ¡nchez-Romero L, Tarrià ±o A, and Pà ©rez-Gonzà ¡lez A. 2017. Ambrona revisited: The Acheulean lithic industry in the Lower Stratigraphic Complex. Quaternary International: In press.Villa P, Soto E, Santonja M, Pà ©rez-Gonzà ¡lez A, Mora R, Parcerisas J, and Sesà © C. 2005. New data from Ambrona: closing the hunting versus scavenging debate. Quaternary International 126–128:223–250. doi:

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Booker T.Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois Essay - 1184 Words

Since their arrival in North America, Blacks have been abused and oppressed into a state less than human. In an article written by W.E.B. Du Bois he said, â€Å"The sincere and passionate belief that somewhere between men and cattle God created a tertium quid, and called it a negro† (Du Bois). In the late 19th and 20th centuries a strong push for economic and social progress for African-Americans was being made. The prominent leaders of this movement amongst the Black community were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois, however they had very differing views on how to achieve this goal (PBS.org). Washington and Du Bois essentially split the Black community into two parties, radical and conservative. Du Bois, the radical, preached for a†¦show more content†¦Washington felt that southern racism had reached such an extraordinary level that immediate social equality for Blacks would do little, instead he preached self help for Blacks, and sought to teach them practical skills at Tuskegee (ushistory.org). Booker urged for Blacks to accept racial discrimination until they had elevated themselves through hard work and material prosperity (PBS.org). Washington received much fame for a speech he presented on September 18, 1895, titled the â€Å"Atlanta Compromise†. In the speech he greatly emphasized the line â€Å"Cast down your bucket where you are†. The line urged Blacks to accept racial discrimination for the time being, until they were able to advance themselves through hard work. Washington held strong to his ideals of a practical education instead of one of a liberal arts standpoint. In an article he wrote titled â€Å"The Awakening of the Negro† he claimed â€Å"The fact that a student goes out into the world conscious of his power to build a house or a wagon, or to make a harness, gives him a certain confidence and moral independence that he would posses without such training† (Washington). Washington supported this theory strongly, but he was smart enough to see why some objected to his ideals. He was aware that an education so focused on industrial training was simply teaching Blacks to perform the same tasks that they were forced to complete well enslaved (Washington). W.E.B. Du Bois never knew slavery first hand. He wasShow MoreRelatedBooker T Washington Vs W. E. B De Dubois Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesHow can two people that our similar but at the time have different ways of life come together to achieve the same goal?Imagine 30 years after slavery ended you because of the color of your skin are still being mistreated. During the time of Booker and W.E.B the Jim crow law was created to segregate blacks and whites. Because of the segregation blacks had their own society like community only dealing with each other. Blacks were separated from society, they had their own neighborhoods buildings theyRead MoreA Comparison Of Booker T Washington And W. E. De Dubois1532 Words   |  7 PagesHow can two people that our similar but at the time have different ways of life come together to achieve the same goal?Imagine 30 years after slavery ended you because of the color of your skin are still being mistreated. During the time of Booker and W.E.B t he Jim crow law was created to segregate blacks and whites. Because of the segregation blacks had their own society like community only dealing with each other. Blacks were separated from society, they had their own neighborhoods buildings they

Monday, December 9, 2019

Strategies and Implementation Plan for SWOT Analysis

Question: What are the success strategies and Implementation plan for SWOT Analysis? Answer: Success Strategy and Implementation Plan SWOT Analysis For every flower shop, the maintenance of the flowers, to keep the flowers looking beautiful and to keep them fresh for the customers is the most important factor. Therefore, we will also put main focus on these factors, such that many customers can be attracted. SWOT Analysis has been performed below in order to analyze the market position of the Exquisite Skills Floral and also to identify its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths The internal capacity of Exquisite Skills Floral will provide it strength in order to exist successfully in the competitive market. The target customers of Exquisite Skills Floral are the businessmen and businesswomen and it has been found that the total numbers of the target customers of this business are huge in numbers, it has been noted that about 77 % people are working. Thus, the increased numbers of target customers will act as strength for our business. We will employ best-trained florists in our business and will also provide exotic flowers to our customers. These will also act as the strengths for our business. We will serve various types of products to our target customers i.e. businessmen and businesswomen like custom floral designs and various selections, unique containers and vases, green and flowering house plants and gourmet chocolates. Exquisite Skills Floral will provide and serve all these unique products and services to our customers that are rarely ser ved and provided by other companies in the competitive market. Thus, this will also be considered as the strength of our business. In addition to this, the location of the business in centre of the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area and its increasing population of 6,812,373 in 2013 will also add strength to our business. Weaknesses Our business does not have much weakness except its size. As our business is in the initial stage, the size of the business is also small and the competition in the market is much high. Therefore, it can be said that to enter into a new market is quite tough for us as there are many other competitors in the similar market. Opportunities The businessmen and businesswomen are the primary targets of our business and our location is in centre of the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. This indicates a densely populated area as it has been found that the numbers of population in this area for the year 2013 was 6,812,373 and it has been noted to be increasing with the passage of time. Thus in other words, it can be said that the numbers of our target customers are also increasing. This is an opportunity for us as the businessmen and businesswomen are our target customers. We are going to sell custom floral designs and various selections, unique containers and vases, green and flowering house plants and gourmet chocolates to our customers. All these products are not sold or served by other competitors of the business. Thus, this will also act as an opportunity for our business Exquisite Skills Floral. Threats The opportunities might act as threat for our business, as the popularity of our product might compel the other businesses to serve or produce the similar products and lesser cost might take away the target customers of Exquisite Skills Floral to its competitors. The other weaknesses include the maintenance of the flowers, with the climatic change the flowers should be kept fresh and nonetheless the customers cannot be attracted by the business. This incurs a huge cost and thus the high operation cost of the business will act as a threat. In addition to this, there is also a threat of new entrant in the industry. Our Competitive Edge Exquisite Skills Floral will be totally different from the traditional florists. This difference will be made based on the development of the consumer intimacy. The consumer intimacy is built up on the basis of the personalized relationships, which will save time of the male customers and will also reduce their anxiety that is associated with the buying process of the gift. Our business Exquisite Skills Floral will achieve its goals through the following: Firstly, we will use various modern technologies in order to make the floral purchasing experience easy for the consumers. This will make our business enable in identifying and tracking its consumer base. Secondly, the arrangement of a new fresh flower purchasing experience for the target consumers. Thirdly, we will offer additional self-indulging products. This includes - gourmet chocolates and unique vases and containers. Fourthly, we will offer artistic and exquisite arrangements to our customers. Fifthly, the customer database will be build that will help in identifying contact information and also the preferences like - vases, colors, pets, allergies, frequency, anniversary, birthday, children or spouse and many more. Lastly, we will adopt the proactive consumer service policies for the benefit of the business. This we will do by contacting each of the members of the Frequent Flower Gift Program through e-mail or phone call within 48 hours of the scheduled delivery and also by giving call to the commercial clients. This will be performed after every delivery in order to ensure satisfaction of the customers. Our business Exquisite Skills Floral is not like a traditional florist. Therefore, it will not offer the following as a traditional florist. These include: Weddings Floral services especially for weddings are considered as a special area of traditional florist. In order to maintain its focus on the objectives of the Frequent Flower Gift program, Exquisite Skills Floral might select in order to refer the potential clients of wedding to the other competitors of the area. Teleflora wire services or FTD The recreation of the arrangements as defined by other competitors also limits creativity. Funerals The florists provide services for funerals. It is counted as a special area for the traditional florists. In order to remain highlighted on the objectives of the Frequent Flower Gift Program, Exquisite Skills Floral might select in order to refer the potential clients of funerals to the other competitors of the particular region. Balloons and stuffed animals The traditional florists also sell balloons and stuffed animals as they provide services for weddings. Wide Delivery Services Exquisite Skills Floral will cater its services only in the centre of the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. However, the other competitors of the business will serve throughout the city, workers and residents. Website Plan Exquisite Skills Floral considers the website of the business as a dynamic tool for marketing that helps in sales and also direct e-mail marketing. Thus the aim of the business is to develop a useful website which will give information regarding arrangements, new product lines and plans for the business. This website will also help in communicating the news of company in order to develop and maintain good public relations with the people of online community. Marketing Strategy The businessmen and businesswomen who generally work in the centre of the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area will trust on Exquisite Skills Floral and thus it will emphasize the services of the business in order to keep love and romance alive. Tactics We will make people giving flowers to their loved ones as it is an effortless and automatic process. We will make the process of purchasing flower easy and it will provide an easy and fun experience. We will shift the purchasing responsibility of the flowers from the women to men. We will make the flowers a habit to the people by encouraging them to take the flowers at home on a regular interval of time that is routinely and not for only some special purposes. Programs The main programs that will be organized by the business Exquisite Skills Floral in order to earn more customers include We will maintain good public relations. We will arrange for advertisement as by advertising through various media, the business can prosper. The business will arrange for co-marketing efforts We will directly mail or send postcards to the customers in order to keep a good relation with them. We will e-mail our targeted and potential customers on a routine basis in order to keep a good and close contact. We will use proper marketing materials for brand recognizing. We will develop our own website and will make it attractive in order to attract more new customers and also to retain the existing customers. Overall Strategy It is a common thought that there are not many florists across the country rather there are many florists who are of similar type. It has been found that a florist who has a well defined niche market for business can easily flourish. Therefore, the marketing strategy of our business Exquisite Skills Floral includes development of independent and specialized niche business which centers on the programs of the Frequent Flower Gift and characterizes the quality products, outstanding personalized consumer service and custom designs. Marketing Objectives Exquisite Skills Floral requires establishment of a reputation as automatic and simple way in order to purchase foster romance and flowers with the loved ones, particularly with the affluent men who are busy in their work life. A specific and measurable objective involves initiation of the marketing efforts. It will have a minimum of 25 male customers in the program of the Frequent Flower Gift at the time of the opening of the stores. Exquisite Skills Floral will develop itself as a creative source for the office tenants and the retail in the centre of the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area which requires weekly arrangements of flower. The specific and measurable goals of our business are to have six offices that will be signed up for deliveries on a weekly basis. It is an expectation that we will get these orders of weekly delivery by the time of the opening of the store. Exquisite Skills Floral has to develop brand recognition in order to attract the customers. Positioning Exquisite Skills Floral will offer an upscale program of Frequent Flower Gift having a target to meet the demands of the featuring custom, affluent businessmen and businesswomen, personalized service and high-quality floral arrangements. In addition to this, we have planned to develop a unique shopping experience. For this we have decided to design a floral gallery that will be located at the centre of the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. Marketing Mix Exquisite Skills Floral has planned to serve the businessmen and businesswomen who work in the centre of the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. Therefore, the marketing efforts of the business will mainly highlight on the targeting customers and as a promotional program of giveaway and a by-product of deliveries, we have planned to secure the commercial accounts. The overall approach of the marketing of this business is to create brand awareness by public relations, targeted advertising and a website. This helps in generating leads by the efforts of co-marketing with e-mail or traditional direct mail, events and select venues. Reasons for Purchasing from Exquisite Skills Floral by businesspersons To reduce forgetting regarding anniversaries, birthdays and any other special dates. To promote romance with floral gifts for spouse. To spend more time with the loved ones and also to reduce the timing for shopping for their loved ones. The process is convenient and also easy. The service is personalized. We provide unique floral arrangements and quality flowers. The delivery is free of cost. The gourmet chocolate is available in addition to the flowers. Sales Strategy We will implement both the direct and indirect sales strategies in order to run our business Exquisite Skills Floral successfully and efficiently. Direct Sales It has been noted that in present days more than 90 % of the people of the country state word-of-mouth as best source of information and ideas. In the country, the word-of-mouth is considered as the most important method of communication that advertises about the services and the products of the company and also adds more value to the business. Exquisite Skills Floral plans to perform direct sales by offering a unique and high level of personalized service to the target customers to build loyalty and finally the word-of-mouth will work as referrals to their colleagues. Exquisite Skills Floral will gather and maintain the database of all its customers, their name, e-mail addresses, residential addresses and preferences. This will help in e-mailing or direct mailing and also to develop customer loyalty among them. Exquisite Skills Floral has also intended to offer 24 * 7 services to all its customers in order to maintain customer loyalty and retention. These services will include retur n or exchange policies and also free delivery of the ordered flowers. Indirect Sales Exquisite Skills Floral can obtain the opportunity of establishing a referral service and also to get partnered with several essential florists who can serve these services. Thus, we will gather a flat percentage of every referral sale along with amount payable at end of every month. Key Implementation Milestones The scheduled milestones that will be implemented with time are as follows: Exquisite Skills Floral Milestones Task Description Start Date Planned Finish Date Date Completed Assigned To Deliverable Budget Cost to Implement Value to Company Priority Days to Finish Bank loan application 12/25/16 12/31/25 1/24/17 Ralph County, city business license $500 $500 $500 1.000 30 Apply for licenses 7/9/16 7/14/16 8/8/16 Frank Bank loan $200 $300 $150,000 3.000 30 Contract with builder for leasehold buildout 8/12/16 9/31/2016 12/10/16 Cindy Lease $500 $1,000 $63,000 2.000 120 Negotiate lease 10/12/16 10/22/16 11/11/16 Chris Renovated leasehold $25,000 $30,000 $30,000 4.000 30 Purchase computers, software 10/12/16 10/30/16 11/1/16 Julie Functioning network $20,000 $30,000 $30,000 5.000 20 Task Budgetary Summary Tasks Total Percent on Budget Percent Value to Cost Budget $46,200.00 Cost to Implement $61,800.00 133.77% Value to Company $273,500.00 442.56% Task Completion Status Total assigned tasks 5 Total completed tasks 5 Percent completed 100.00% Company Resources Our People The forecast regarding the human resource specifies the recruitment of the candidates who are already related with the business purposes. The particular business has to keep it in mind that according to the expertise and experience of the people, candidates should be employed. The required workforce for the business is as follows: Types of Staffs Requirement in Year 1 Requirement in Year 2 Store in-charge 4 6 Accountant 1 2 Sales Persons 5 8 Payroll Summary Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Direct Cost of Labor $219,525 $427,955 $636,385 Payroll Operating Expense $947,525 $947,525 $947,525 Total Payroll Expense $1,167,050 $1,375,480 $1,583,910 Business Structure Exquisite Skills Floral will be organized in three primary functional areas design, sales and administrative. We have already assigned the jobs as per the experience and designation. Nevertheless, we have decided to help each other in different departments as per necessity. The owner spontaneously checks the development plans of this business and cooperates in development of products and services. She also suggests for the betterment of the business. It is expected to have a continuous growth in salary of the employees as this plan will become successful and will also be profitable. Start-up Capital The start-up funds required for this floral business is $ 140,000. The owner of the business i.e. Ms. Anderson will invest $ 50,000 from her savings and remaining $ 90,000 will be invested by her close friend as well as sports bar owner Marcus Holt. The lease amount for the shop per month is estimated to be $2500 and there is an option of expansion of the lease amount after every 6 months afterward. Financial Statements Statement of Operations Exquisite Skills Floral Statement of Operations 2016 2017 2018 Revenue Sales 4,000,000 4,000,000 4,000,000 Cost of Goods Sold Direct Cost Direct cost of materials 100,000 100,000 100,000 Direct cost of labor 100,000 100,000 100,000 Freight 100,000 100,000 100,000 Inventory Adjustments 100,000 100,000 100,000 Purchase Returns And Allowances 100,000 100,000 100,000 Cost of Sales $500,000 $500,000 $500,000 Gross Margin $3,500,000 $3,500,000 $3,500,000 Operating Expenses Advertising Expense 50,000 50,000 50,000 Auto Expense 50,000 50,000 50,000 Bad Debt Expense 50,000 50,000 50,000 Bank Charges 50,000 50,000 50,000 Commission Expense 50,000 50,000 50,000 Insurance General 50,000 50,000 50,000 Interest Expense 50,000 50,000 50,000 License Expense 50,000 50,000 50,000 Interest Payments 4,644 7,044 10,243 Maintenance Expense Meals And Entertainment 50,000 50,000 50,000 Office Expense 50,000 50,000 50,000 Payroll Expense $1,167,050 1,375,480 1,583,910 Postage 50,000 50,000 50,000 Printing 50,000 50,000 50,000 Professional Fees 50,000 50,000 50,000 Rent 50,000 50,000 50,000 Repairs Expense 50,000 50,000 50,000 Shipping Expense 50,000 50,000 50,000 Supplies Expense 50,000 50,000 50,000 Taxes Federal Income Tax 5,000 5,000 5,000 State Income Tax 5,000 5,000 5,000 Sales Tax 5,000 5,000 5,000 Other Tax 5,000 5,000 5,000 Utilities Expense 50,000 50,000 50,000 Depreciation and Amortization Expense 6,764 6,764 6,764 Other 50,000 50,000 50,000 Other 50,000 50,000 50,000 Total Operating Expenses 2,198,458 2,409,288 2,620,918 Income From Operations $1,301,542 $1,090,712 $879,082 Non Operating Income Item 1 100,000 100,000 100,000 Item 2 100,000 100,000 100,000 Item 3 100,000 100,000 100,000 Total Non-Operation Income $300,000 $300,000 $300,000 Net Income (Loss) $1,601,542 $1,390,712 $1,179,082 EBITDA $1,378,306 $1,167,476 $955,846 Balance Sheet Exquisite Skills Floral Balance Sheet Start Up 2016 2017 2018 Assets Current assets: Cash 94,000 2,899,356 5,677,312 8,432,068 Accounts Receivable Inventories Pre-paid Expenses Other short-term investments Other 1 Other 2 Other 3 Total current assets $94,000 $2,899,356 $5,677,312 $8,432,068 Other Non-Current Assets Property, Plant and Equipment 122,000 122,000 122,000 122,000 Other 1 Other 2 Other 3 Less Accumulated Depreciation 6,764 13,528 20,292 Total other assets $122,000 $115,236 $108,472 $101,708 Total assets $216,000 $3,014,591 $5,785,783 $8,533,776 Liabilities and owner's equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable Other 1 Other 2 Other 3 Total current liabilities $0 $0 $0 $0 Non current liabilities: Long term debt 120,000 200,000 255,000 290,000 Other 1 Other 2 Other 3 Total non-current liabilities $120,000 $200,000 $255,000 $290,000 Total Liabilities $120,000 $200,000 $255,000 $290,000 Shareholder's equity: Common stock, no par value Paid In Capital 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 Retained earnings (24,000) 2,694,591 5,410,783 8,123,776 Other 1 Other 2 Other 3 Total owner's equity $96,000 $2,814,591 $5,530,783 $8,243,776 Total liabilities and owner's equity $216,000 $3,014,591 $5,785,783 $8,533,776 Balanced Balanced Balanced Balanced - - - - Statement of Cash Flows Exquisite Skills Floral Statement of Cash Flows 2016 2017 2018 Beginning Cash Balance $94,000 $2,899,356 $5,677,312 Cash Received Cash from Operations 4,000,000 4,000,000 4,000,000 Cash from Non-operations 300,000 300,000 300,000 New Current Borrowing New Long-term Liabilities 100,000 100,000 100,000 Sale of Other Current Assets Sale of Long-term Assets Other Total cash received 4,400,000 4,400,000 4,400,000 Breakeven Analysis Exquisite Skills Floral Breakeven Analysis Units Sold Net Revenue Total Operating Expense Variable Cost Total Cost Total Profit 0 $0 $1,081,609 $0 $1,081,609 -$1,081,609 8,000 $800,000 $1,081,609 $50,000 $1,131,609 -$331,609 16,000 $1,600,000 $1,081,609 $100,000 $1,181,609 $418,391 24,000 $2,400,000 $1,081,609 $150,000 $1,231,609 $1,168,391 32,000 $3,200,000 $1,081,609 $200,000 $1,281,609 $1,918,391 40,000 $4,000,000 $1,081,609 $250,000 $1,331,609 $2,668,391 48,000 $4,800,000 $1,081,609 $300,000 $1,381,609 $3,418,391 56,000 $5,600,000 $1,081,609 $350,000 $1,431,609 $4,168,391 64,000 $6,400,000 $1,081,609 $400,000 $1,481,609 $4,918,391 72,000 $7,200,000 $1,081,609 $450,000 $1,531,609 $5,668,391 80,000 $8,000,000 $1,081,609 $500,000 $1,581,609 $6,418,391 Image 4 Key Ratios Exquisite Skills Floral Financial Ratios and other Indicators 2016 2017 2018 Ratios Acid Test 0 0 0 Current Debt to Total Assets 6.90% 4.49% 3.44% Current Liabilities to Total Liabilities 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Debt to Equity 7.11% 4.61% 3.52% Net Worth $2,814,591 $5,530,783 $8,243,776 Return on Equity 85.93% 43.69% 29.27% Sales to Net Worth 142.12% 72.32% 48.52% Total Assets to Sales 75.36% 144.64% 213.34% Working Capital $2,899,356 $5,677,312 $8,432,068 Balance Sheet Cash $2,899,356 $5,677,312 $8,432,068 Total Current Assets $2,899,356 $5,677,312 $8,432,068 Other Non-current assets $115,236 $108,472 $101,708 Total Assets $3,014,591 $5,785,783 $8,533,776 Current Liabilities $0 $0 $0 Accounts Payable $0 $0 $0 Non-current Liabilities $200,000 $255,000 $290,000 Total Liabilities $200,000 $255,000 $290,000 Statement of Operations Sales $4,000,000 $4,000,000 $4,000,000 Cost of Sales $500,000 $500,000 $500,000 Gross Margin $3,500,000 $3,500,000 $3,500,000 Operating Expense $1,081,409 $1,083,808 $1,087,007 Advertising Expenses $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 Total Payroll Expense $150,000 $150,000 $150,000 Income From Operations $2,418,591 $2,416,192 $2,412,993 Net Income (loss) $2,718,591 $2,716,192 $2,712,993 EBITDA $2,495,356 $2,492,956 $2,489,757 Important Assumptions Exquisite Skills Floral Assumptions Market Share Assumptions and Sources What percent of market share will you convert to business in year 1, 2, 3 70% What is a conservative, moderate and aggressive estimate of the market share you will convert in year 1, 2, 3 40%, 55%, 70% What is the logical, statistical basis for the estimate of market share conversion revenues earned from the business Sales Assumptions and Sources What is the percent growth rate for yr 1,2,3 etc 10%, 20%, 30% How many customer sales per month 12,000 How many customers are repeat customers 55% Average annual sales volume per customer 60 What is the average revenue per customer per sale $65 What percent of your sales will be for 'house accounts' belonging to large regular customers. What kind of terms will the have 30% What sales, use or excise tax rate applies to your sales 10 Other Property Plant and Equipment Equipment Assumptions and Sources What is included in the 'standard' equipment for each class of employee: Desk, chair, side chair, file cabinet, table, other furniture 1000 Automobile, auto insurance, gas card, mileage allowance 10000 What equipment will you purchase Computer, laptop, software, desk phone, cell phone, email account, printer, fax, scanner 20000 Tools, devices, test equipment, other 12000 Cash register, barcode scanners, merchant account input devices 15000 How much equipment is necessary in relation to increasing sales $75,000 Other Inventory Assumptions and Sources What is your estimated inventory turn rate 10% How many different items will be stocked 10 What is the estimated stock replenishment time 24 hour Capital Equipment 22000 How much capital equipment is necessary to produce 3 years sales volume $65,000 How many years will you use to depreciate this equipment 5 What is the installation and facilities preparation cost for the equipment 6 Other Facilities Assumptions and Sources How many square feet per dollar volume of sales is necessary for the business 100 How many square feet for 'operations, production' 500 How many square feet for ' sales, customer interaction' 500 Will the facilities be leased or purchased leased Who will guarantee the lease owner Other Employees and staff Assumptions and Sources How many salespeople per $$unit of sales 5 How many support people per number of salespeople 4 What is the annual salary for each employee class 15000 Personnel agency fees 12000 Other Expenses Assumptions and Sources Legal fees 500 Accounting fees 8000 Business formation fees and expenses $15,000 Audit Fees when using investor funds 9500 Brokerage Fee to raise capital 5000 Licenses $1,000 Travel expense $2,560 Required professional memberships. $500 Which expenses will the founders have to personally guarantee loan and lease amount Other Cash Flow Assumptions and Sources Interest payment on investment capital 12% Will there be sufficient cash on hand until the cash flow is positive yes Other Event Industry Assumptions and Sources How many customer events per year, month, week 12000 p.m. How many customers per event 6000 How much will these events increase your 'normal' estimate for sales 45%

Monday, December 2, 2019

Scarlet Letter Analysis free essay sample

Kelsey Federspill Scarlet Letter Literary Analysis R5 12. 2. 12 Over Coming Guilt Remorse is a feeling experienced after committing an act that produces a sense of guilt. A life lesson can be learned in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter, about the theme of guilt. Everyone experiences guilt when they commit a sin or human frailty but the way one handles the feelings of guilt is different. Guilt is expressed in three main ways: ignoring or hiding the sin and letting the guilt build up on the inside, blaming others for the sin and wanting revenge for the way the person feels, and embracing the sin committed and not releasing the guilt. The different ways guilt is experienced determines the way it is punished: by others or no one at all. But punishment for the sin doesnt always affect the amount of guilt felt by one. Hawthorne uses symbolism and irony to demonstrate that guilt should not take over one’s life, rather it should be a lesson learned of embracement, forgiveness, and acceptance. We will write a custom essay sample on Scarlet Letter Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In The Scarlet Letter, the character Hester Prynne is well known for the scarlet letter that she was forced to wear. Prynne embraced the punishment of the scarlet letter and used the punishment in a unique way, â€Å"On the breast of her gown in fine red cloth, surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold thread, appeared the letter A† (37). The letter ‘A’ represented the sin of adultery that Prynne had committed. The community choose this form of punishment for Prynne to make her feel guilty for the act of adultery she committed and used it as an example to the rest of the community. As Prynne egresses from prison Hawthorne describes the scene, â€Å"the scene was not without a mixture of awe, such as must always invest the spectacle of guilt and shame in a fellow-creature† (39). Prynne chooses to embrace the scarlet letter rather than let the feeling of guilt take over her life because she desired to set a good example for her daughter, Pearl. She was able to embrace her sin and the scarlet letter because she was working to set an example for her daughter. It was ironic how the community tried to force guilt on to Prynne, but in return she embraced the punishment in full stride and even used it to purify herself, â€Å"Here, she said to herself, had been the scene of her guilt, and her should be the scene of her punishment; and so, perchance, the torture of her daily shame would at length purge her soul, and work out another purity than that which she had lost; more saint-like, because the result of martyrdom† (55). When the town people saw Prynne as she exited the prison, people said, â€Å"thus she will be a living sermon against sin† (44). The town people would always be reminded of her sin. Prynne did not let the guilt of her sin produce a major impact on her life. Rather she accepted her transgression and learned the importance of not letting her past mistakes and guilt negatively affect her future. Rosebushes are full of beauty but pain can be inflicted on someone who tries to hold it due to the rosebush’s sharp thorns. When Hawthorne depicts the town he describes the rosebush on the side of the prison, â€Å"but, on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rosebush, covered, in this month of June, with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of nature could pity and be kind to him† (33). The rosebush symbolizes forgiveness from guilt throughout The Scarlet Letter. Pearl, Prynne’s daughter, was visiting the governor’s hall with her mother one day to deliver a pair of embroider gloves Prynne had made. While at the governor’s house, Pearl saw a rosebush and reacted in an unusual way, â€Å"Pearl, seeing the rosebushes, began to cry for a red rose, and would not be pacified,† (73). Pearl responded with this meltdown because she wanted forgiveness for her mother and for her father, Reverend Dimmesdale, to be accepted by the community. Pearl felt guilty but blamed it on others. She was seeking revenge on the townspeople for the way they made her mother feel. The irony of the rosebush is how it hurt Prynne, Pearl, and Dimmesdale, like the thorns on a rosebush when touched. In the end the family moved out of their community attempting to not let the mistakes of the past take over their present lives. Ultimately, they choose a fresh start. Pearl was a product of Prynne’s sin of adultery. Pearl’s birth was very humiliating for Prynne; nevertheless Pearl still meant the world to Prynne. Pearl’s name even has significance, â€Å"but she names the infant ‘Pearl,’ as being of great price, purchased with all she had, her mother’s only treasure† (61). The biblical allusion to the pearl is referred to in Matthew 13 about a parable of a man who gave up everything for a pearl of great price. Prynne gave up everything she had for her daughter. She even dresses Pearl in the best clothes, while she dresses very poorly. To Prynne, Pearl was a symbol of strength and overcoming obstacles. Prynne said, â€Å"I can teach my little Pearl what I have learned from this [the scarlet letter],† (76). Prynne is a great example and life lesson to Pearl of how to accept the mistakes made in the past and not let the shame define oneself. Prynne uses Pearl to show how tough a young child can be. On the other hand, the town viewed Pearl as the devil child: evil. The town discussed Pearl as, â€Å"an imp of evil, emblem and product of sin,† (64) and, â€Å"poor little Pearl was a demon offspring,† (68). Pearl herself is truly a symbol of ignorance and hope. Hawthorne described an occurrence of Pearl talking to Mr. Wilson, a pastor, â€Å"after putting her finger in her mouth, with many ungracious refusals to answer good Mr. Wilson’s question, the child finally announced that she had not been made at all, but had been plucked by her mother off the rosebush of wild roses, that grew by the prison,† (76). Pearl believed she was created for good and had an optimistic attitude on life. She did not let guilt become an emotion known in her. Pearl did not let the past effect her future. In conclusion, life lessons were learned about embracement, forgiveness, and acceptance from guilt with the use of symbolism and irony from Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter. The different ways guilt can be handled was demonstrated in The Scarlet Letter, but not letting guilt take over one’s life was key. Moving on and learning from a sin or human frailty is significant and something everyone can learn from.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

How to Conjugate Nourrir (to Feed) in French

How to Conjugate Nourrir (to Feed) in French If you can remember that it also means to nourish, you can  associate the French verb  nourrir  with to feed. Its also important to remember that its different from  manger, which means to eat.  The primary difference is that  nourrir  is typically used when feeding someone else, not necessarily eating food yourself. Along with memorizing the word nourrir, youll also need to know its conjugations. This lesson will introduce you to the most basic of those so you can say things like I fed and we are feeding. The Basic Conjugations of  Nourrir Proper French grammar requires verb conjugations so the verb may be used to form complete sentences. The most common conjugates are in the indicative mood, which let you express  nourrir  in the present, future, or imperfect past tense. Nourrir  is a  regular -ir verb. This means it follows a relatively common conjugation pattern found in French. If youve studied verbs like  reunir  (to reunite)  or  punir  (to punish), you can apply the same endings you learned for those to this verb. In any conjugation, its important to identify the verb stem (or radical) before anything else. For  nourrir, that is  nourr-. From there, youll add a new ending for every subject pronoun within each tense. The chart will help you learn which ending is required. For instance,  I am feeding is  je nourris  and we will feed is  nous nourrirons. Present Future Imperfect je nourris nourrirai nourrissais tu nourris nourriras nourrissais il nourrit nourrira nourrissait nous nourrissons nourrirons nourrissions vous nourrissez nourrirez nourrissiez ils nourrissent nourriront nourrissaient The Present Participle of  Nourrir As with all regular -ir verbs, the present participle of nourrir is formed with an -issant ending. This produces the word nourrissant. Nourrir  in the Compound Past Tense The compound past tense in French is the  passà © composà ©. It requires the  past participle  nourri  along with an auxiliary verb, in this case,  avoir. Begin by conjugating  avoir  into the present tense to match the subject, then attach  nourri. This results in compounds such as  jai nourri  (I fed) and  nous avons nourri  (we fed). More Simple Conjugations of  Nourrir While you can learn more complex conjugations, a few more simple forms of  nourrir  will round out this introductory lesson. Theyre useful in a few different circumstances and can really help out your French vocabulary. The subjunctive  is a verb mood that implies uncertainty to the act of feeding.  The conditional  says that the action will only happen under certain conditions. Though you may only find the literary tenses of  the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  in written French, they are still good to know. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je nourrisse nourrirais nourris nourrisse tu nourrisses nourrirais nourris nourrisses il nourrisse nourrirait nourrit nourrà ®t nous nourrissions nourririons nourrà ®mes nourrissions vous nourrissiez nourririez nourrà ®tes nourrissiez ils nourrissent nourriraient nourrirent nourrissent The  imperative  is the one time in French verbs when its okay to skip the subject pronoun. When using it, feel free to simplify  tu nourris  to  nourris. Imperative (tu) nourris (nous) nourrissons (vous) nourrissez

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Octavian Augustus Glossary Entry

Octavian Augustus Glossary Entry Octavian, known to posterity as the Emperor Augustus Caesar, was the first emperor of Rome, the first of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty, the adopted son of his great-uncle Julius Caesar, and possibly the most important man in Roman history. Octavian or Augustus lived from 63 B.C.-A.D. 14. Timeline of Octavian Augustus The date at which he began his rule could be either 31 B.C. when the forces of Augustus under Agrippa defeated those of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium, or in 27 B.C. when Octavian became Augustus, a term of honor awarded him by the Senate. Octavian Augustus Achievements Octavian Augustus reformed the Praetorian Guard and laws on marriage and adultery, he had the power of a tribune and was Pontifex Maximus (head priest). He extended the boundaries of the Roman Empire, caused the Pax Romana, and built up the city of Rome. Misfortunes of Augustus Reign Through the long years of his reign, Octavian Augustus put an end to the already seriously decaying republican system of government. It was under his rule that Varus suffered a disastrous defeat in Teutoberg Wald, putting a temporary end to territorial ambition beyond the Rhine. His own daughter and grand-daughter defied Octavians lofty moral stance. Although both partners were demonstrably capable of producing children, Augustus failed to produce an heir with Livia, his wife during his long term as emperor. Ultimately, Octavian Augustus had little choice but to make his begrudging son-in-law, Livias son Tiberius, his successor- even though Tiberius wasnt much to his liking.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

FINAL EXAMINATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FINAL EXAMINATION - Essay Example Like in the case of an opening conversation a closing conversation also plays a very essential role. This is because a conversation cannot be referred to be effective if it comes to an abrupt ending without any kind of acknowledgement or even a small summarization of the topic of discussion. Self-Disclosure is defined as â€Å"a conscious, intentional technique in which clinicians share information about their lives outside the counselling relationship† (Simone, McCarthy, & Skay, 1998, p.174). The main guidelines are the communication skills which can be used to avoid any lacking information for the process. It is up to the counsellors to be direct and concise. Self disclosures need to be very straight forward without any wastage of time. It requires being clear to both the clients as well as the counsellors with details and effective information. Attraction theory: This theory is based on the external looks. The theory states that relations start on the basis of attraction and work based on the law of attraction. There is no space given to the attitudes as much as the looks and attraction levels. Relationship Rules theory: This theory was set down by Schimanoff in 1990. The theory states that all relationships have a set of rules which need to be followed in order for the relationship to work. These include various aspects of the relationship like prohibited, preferred or obligated behavior in different situations. Social Penetration theory: The social penetration theory states that as relationships develop, communication moves from relatively shallow, non – intimate levels to deeper, more personal ones (Altman & Taylor, 1973). Social Exchange/Equity theory: This theory explains how people feel about their relationships with the other person and this is mainly based on the balance of what one individual has put into the relationship when compared to what is got out of the relationship, the relationship that is actually deserved and finally

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Epidemly and biostat Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Epidemly and biostat - Assignment Example It’s again not adequate since even those that received treatment with medication still scored 16 on the CES-D, indicating non-compliance or ineffective treatment (Aben et al. 2012). Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, employment, and socioeconomic status were the statistics used to describe the demographic variable. And definitely yes, theses statistics were the most appropriate form of demographic data description (Aben et al. 2012). The non-parametric statistical analysis technique should be used instead of the alternative due to the fact that the people involved in the study were residing in the rural area, where the quality of education may be of poor or low standards compared to the urban areas. Members of control groups reported no difference in pain and non-significant increase in mobility difficulties; thus the pilot study conducted require further investigation of the effectiveness of GI with PMR as a self-management intervention of pain reduction and mobility difficulties associated with OA. The study cannot be generalized to the United States as a whole. This is due to the fact that it is only the rural part of the entire United States population that was studied, which is not a representative of the entire population (Aben et al. 2012). This study is not relevant only relevant to the elderly population, some individuals might have inherited some hereditary conditions that exposes them to pain, of which can be identified, diagnosed and treated appropriately (Aben et al. 2012). Breastfeeding rates after the educational program significantly increased, a clear indication that the community-based breastfeeding intervention program was effective in promoting breastfeeding among women. 1. The following list represents the number of nursing students enrolled in a particular nursing program between the years of 2001 and 2007, respectively: 563, 593, 606, 520, 563, 610, and 577. Determine the mean, median,

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Measurements of physical characteristics Essay Example for Free

Measurements of physical characteristics Essay Measurements of physical characteristics are used widely in everyday human life, whether in household or industrial processes, in service or in scientific researches. Some of the main categories of regularly measured parameters are weight, length, area, volume, temperature, density, concentration, voltage, amperage and power. Measurement units historically differed from nation to nation, but over time there is a straight tendency for unification of units. Metric system is recognized as universal in ever-growing number of countries and this allows to minimize differences and errors in international scientific, trade and other types of communications. In metric system, meter, its multiples and fractionals are used for the measurements of length, square meter and its derivates are for measurements of area, cubic meter – for measurements of volume. For measuring temperature there are Celsius or Fahrenheit degrees used, for measuring density – kilogram per cubic meter. Voltage in international metric system is measured in volts, amperage – in amperes, and watts are used for measuring power. To perform measurements one needs to have appropriate instruments. These instruments should have accuracy grade acceptable for the type and purpose of measurements that will be performed. When measurement of length is performed, the only kind of instruments needed is tape-measure or straight scale, if size of measured object is relatively small. If distance that has to be measured is large, and surface between starting and finishing points is not smooth, more sophisticated instruments will be needed to perform required measurements. Measurements of area and volume will sometimes require certain calculations in addition to direct measurements. If measurement of an area of regular shape is performed, it is enough to measure length of the sides of that area and then apply relatively simple formulas for calculation of that area. But if the area measured has irregular shape with edges of bizarre form, calculations will be far more complex and may require solution of integral equations to determine approximate size of an area in question. When it is necessary to measure volume of a liquid, volumetric glassware is enough. But when the volume of a body with complex form shall be calculated, procedure of measurement may become much more complicated. If the body with unknown volume is available for direct measurement, it may be submerged into the water or any other liquid and volume of displaced liquid that is equal to the volume of that body, could be measured. But if that body is not available for direct measurement and is given in form of a scheme with known parameters measured or set beforehand, then rather complicated calculations may be required to estimate the volume of a said body. Density of a liquid may be measured using special instrument called densitometer, which is based on displacement of a certain amount of liquid by the weight of the instrument. The higher density of examined liquid, the smaller will be volume of liquid displaced. For estimation of the density of gases or solid bodies another methods shall be applied, because displacement-based densitometry cannot be applied to non-liquid substances. Measurements of mass and volume are usually performed, and density then is calculated using the simple formula of mass divided by volume. Temperature can be measured using thermometers of different types – liquid-filled, electric, etc. Electric parameters like amperage, voltage and power, could be measured either directly using specific measuring devices, or indirectly by measuring related parameters and later calculating values of parameters required. For a list of physical parameters there are specific units in the system of measurements. Some of the examples were given above. For another example, unit for measuring force is newton, and unit for pressure is pascal. Certain parameters can be formulated indirectly through other units. Speed, for example, is defined as unit of distance passed per unit of time, and acceleration – as rate of change of speed per unit of time. Consequently, force that influences a body, may be calculated through known mass of the body, its beginning speed and rate of change of its speed under the influence of the force studied. Unfortunately, measurements can never provide us with absolute values of parameter we are interested in. Due to imperfection of both human perception, instruments for measurements and because of influence of unstable environmental conditions upon the instrument, body that is subjected to measurements and the person performing measurements, some imprecision will always be present. Additionally, when performing measurements, observer sometimes has to use estimated data because more or less precious values can not be obtained under current conditions. Or maybe high precision values of a given parameter are not important for the current task. Either way, estimation of measured data sometimes takes place, as well as certain ever-present

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Key Events Of The Civil Rights Movement Essay -- African-American Civil

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States Civil Rights Movement of the 1960's was the centerfold of the 1900's. The Movement came about because not all Americans were being treated fairly. In general white Americans were treated better than any other American people, especially black people. There were many events of the Civil Rights Movement some dealt with black people not getting a fair education. Some events came about because people were advocating that people should be able to practice their American rights. The term paper that you are about to read is composed of events that occurred as apart of the Civil Rights Movements. The events are all in chronological order with the brutal murder of Emmett Till first in order. After that is the story of Arkansas' Central High School's integration. Keeping with the idea of equal education, you will be able read how the University of Mississippi was integrated by James Meredith with the assistance of the U.S. Government. Lastly you will see t he power the Ku Klux Klan had in the deep South, especially Mississippi, with the murder of three members of the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO). These events are just a glimpse of what the Civil Rights Movement truly was. Now here is the strory of young Emmett Till. Emmett Till   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not knowing the customs of Mississippi was the downfall for young Emmett Till. While visiting family near Money, Mississippi, Emmett Till, age 14, was murdered. Emmett grew up on Chicago's South side, where he was a fun loving child with a bit of a smart mouth. Living in Chicago, Emmett knew of segregation but had white play mates. On one occasion he had showed his cousins a picture of a white girl and had told them that she was his girl. His friends were some what impressed and had dared Emmett to speak to a white woman who was inside of the store, that they were standing in front of. Emmett went in and bought some candy and as he left, he said to the woman, "Bye-baby." That would be the biggest mistake of his life. When the woman's husband got back from out of town, there was trouble for Emmett. The woman's husband, Roy Bryant, and her brother, J.W. Milam, paid a visit to the cabin of Mose Wright, Emmett's grandfather. The white men did not listen to Mose Wrights suggestion that since Emmett was not from Mississippi, that they may just whip him. Instead, the men ki... ... allowed by the police chief to be beaten for about fifteen minutes in Anniston, Alabama. Furthermore, I was not able to mention the end of "separate but equal" with the U.S. Supreme Court's decision on the case Brown vs. Board of Education. Inclusion to this paper I hope that you have enhanced your knowledge of the Civil Rights Movement. RESOURCES: Events of the Civil Rights Movement Books   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Johnson, Jacqueline. Stokely Carmichael: The Story of Black Power. Silver Burdett Press, Inc., a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ,1990.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hornsby and Straub. African American Chronology. Volume I: 1492-1972. Gale Research International Limited., Detroit, Michigan, 1994.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Editors of Ebony. Ebony Pictorial History of Black America. Volume III: Civil Rights Movement to Black Revolution. Johnson Publishing Company, Inc., Chicago, Illinios, 1974. Television Program   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "The Ku Klux Klan: A Secret History." Narr. ?. Writ. and Prod.?. History Channel, March 11, 2000. Internet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lythgoe, Dennis. Desert News, February 26, 1997. Address: http://members.aol.com/deverysa/index.html.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Project at Jamkash Vehicleades

A PROJECT REPORT ON â€Å"ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE STUDY & BUSINESS PROCESS† AT â€Å"JAMKASH VEHICLEADES Pvt. Ltd. † (KASHMIR) (Authorized Dealership of MARUTI SUZUKI) BY TANWEER AHMAD UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF PROF. SANDEEP LONDHE SUBMITTED TO â€Å"UNIVERSITY OF PUNE† In the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA) Through ASM’s Institute of Business Management and Research (I. B. M. R) Chinchwad, Pune 411019 Jamkash Vehicleades (Kashmir) Pvt. Ltd. (Authorised Dealers of MSIL)Hyderpora, By-pass Crossing, Srinagar, Kashmir- 190014 Ph. : 0194-2432680, 2435576 Fax: 0194-2435575 No. :Date: ___/___/______ TO WHOMSOEVER IT MAY CONCERN This is to certify that Mr. Tanweer Ahmad, student of Master of Business Administration (M. B. A) at Institute of Business Management and Research (I. B. M. R) Pune, Maharashtra, has completed his Summer Internship Project at our company from 10th of May 2012 to 19th of June 2012 i. e. 50 working days. During this period, he worked in various departments of the company.He studied the Organizational Climate & Business Process of Jamkash Vehicleades and also gave some recommendations for the improvement. He has an excellent command over the work and was found to be a dedicated, sincere and hardworking trainee during his training period with the company. We wish him all success in his future endeavours. Jamkash Vehicleades (Kashmir) Pvt. Ltd. [Mr. Irfan Ahmad Narworoo] CEO ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All Thanks to Almighty Allah who gave me intellect to study & prepare this Project Report.I express my sincere gratitude to Mr. Irfan Ahmad Narwaroo, Chief Executive Officer of Jamkash Vehicleades (Kashmir) Pvt. Ltd. for giving me the opportunity to do this study and undergo the process of learning. I thank him for all the trust and faith he posed in me and I only hope that I have been able to live up to his expectations. I would like to express my sincere gratitu de to Prof. Sandeep Londhe, my faculty guide who supported and guided me at each step to study and prepare this report. I would also like to thank Mr.Owais Ahmad Rather, my company guide, who guided and supported me in framing the questionnaire and interpretation of data& provided me with a clearer perspective of the Organizational Climate and Business Process of Jamkash Vehicleades by showing me practically and letting me interact with each and every department’s employees. My sincere thanks to Mr. Irfan Ahmad Parray (Sr. Marketing Manager) & Mr. Mushtaq Ahmad Wani (Institutional Sales Manager) who also co-operated & helped me in this project. Mr. Farhan Ahmad Najjar, Mr. Sajjad Ahmad _Deputy Managers in Corporate Sales & Mr.Aijaz Ahmad _Team Leader, also deserve unlimited thanks in whose presence I learnt a lot about marketing & selling the cars to the corporates during my field visits. I have no words to express my thanks to my sisters Nusrat Ahad and Nazima Ahad, who had been the source of inspiration, in decision making and in solving the complexities, which helped me to escalate and explore the ideas. My head bows with regards in front of my beloved Mother Miss. Rafiqa Banoo, whose blessings, financial and moral support helped me to complete this study.Last but not least I am thankful to all those who directly or indirectly supported me during this project. Tanweer Ahmad EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Project Title : Organizational Climate Study & Business Process Industry : MARUTI SUZUKI INDIA LIMITED Company : Jamkash Vehicleades (Kashmir) Private Limited. Chief Executive Officer : Mr. Irfan Ahmad Narwaroo Company Guide : Mr. Owais Ahmad Rather Faculty Guide : Prof. Sandeep Londhe Students Name : Tanweer AhmadObjectives: Under the guidance of my Company Guide: Mr. Owais Ahmad Rather following sub-projects were executed for the project. 1. Preparing a questionnaire tailored to the meet the needs of the organization and conducting the questionnaire on all staf f of Jamkash Vehicleades. 2. To understand the working environment of Jamkash Vehicleades 3. To understand the team/group dynamics of Jamkash Vehicleades: team formation, functions, coordination, and culture etc. 4. To study the existing HR manual / practices and suggest or recommend changes.Scope of the Study: The scope of the study was limited to the Head office at Hyderpora Byepass Srinagar and regional offices at Ganderbal and Kupwara. Methodology: The tools used were Questionnaire on Organization Climate Study and Business Process at Jamkash Vehicleades, semi-structured and un-structured interviews, discussion with the team members and leaders and regular observation of the work of the organization Sources of Data: Primary: Primary sources of data included interactions with CEO, Regional managers, employees, field staff and telephonic interviews with ex-employees. Secondary:Secondary sources of data were the annual reports and other publications of the organization. Insights of the organization: The organization has good collaborations with major stakeholders and has built good reputation in the sector. †¢ The organization has well defined HR policies, Norms and Rules. †¢ The organization has good systems of Finance, Reporting, Audit, Appraisal etc. †¢ The organization is expanding its operations in different corners of the valley & India. †¢ Certain activities are centralized at head office while other are being done at branches. †¢ Focus on capacity building of the staff.Their recruitment and training has special focus. Participation in decision making is encouraged. †¢ The CEO of the company is running the organization with full enthusiasm and energy. Conclusions and Recommendations: Conclusion: The data provided a description of a relatively young, well-educated and trained work force which received moderate levels of financial remuneration. The general picture emerging out of these findings indicate that overall a favour able climate exists in the organization. The organization has a pool of professionals which are working for a larger cause and meeting their professional satisfaction.However due to the rising prices there is a need to revise the financial policy relating to paradigm and accommodation on a regular basis. The organization shows great deal of transparency in decision making and shares information across levels. The management believes in having a participative approach to decision making. There is enough autonomy to perform one’s job. Also the organization offers enough scope for personal and professional growth. The leadership of the origination is approachable and is sensitive to the needs of the employees.At the same time there are roles and responsibilities to be performed and each one is held accountable for work. There is a great emphasis on capacity building and skill enhancement of the employees. As the organization is in its expansion phase, it promises its employees e nhanced roles and responsibilities. The organization needs to plan its manpower requirement in the teams so as to optimize the productivity. In case of employees having multiple reporting, job description should be decided jointly by the team leaders and made known to the employee.The organizational climate can become conducive to develop potential and competencies of the employees and provide opportunities for fulfilment. There is a need for an enhanced role of regional managers who should feel responsible for building a positive, motivating work culture which would ensure optimum utilization of the capabilities of the team members leading to self and organizational effectiveness. Recommendations: In the backdrop, certain areas were identified for improvement in the Organization and the findings were presented for the consideration of Jamkash Vehicleades for adoption.Following recommendations were made: 1. The policies of the employees regarding salary & benefit packages like T. A, D. A, Insurance and others, need to be revised and raised considering the rise in inflation rate and cost of living. 2. Work related stress was also found to be 34% in level 3 & level 4 employees. Thus there is a need to strengthen these levels in terms of recruitment, induction and job related support. 3. There should be a constant evaluation and review of various organizational events. There is a need of a monitoring system which could ensure timely completion of processes. . Higher level employees gave slightly more favourable ratings than lower level employees, thus there is a need to investigate and improve these levels. 5. As the HR department has recently been established the awareness level of HR policies among the employees is very low and even the HR Manual has been given to limited no. of persons, thus it is recommended to conduct programmes for every department separately to make them aware about the HR policies and what functions HR department performs. 6. Recruitment of sales force should be done very fairly and honestly.It needs to be improved through HR planning. Only the deserved candidates should be selected rather than on reference basis. 7. Highly qualified persons should be recruited especially M. B. A. ’s, M. Com’s, B. Com’s, and Graduates rather than 10th & 10+2, because they don’t have much exposure of the real corporate world. Also they don’t have much fluency in speaking English. 8. Grievance Addressal Cell to be started. 9. Defined Travel Policy to be implemented. 10. New joinees’ approval to be done at early basis rather than delaying for months. 11. Salary along with benefit packages as T. A, D.A and other incentives to be clubbed together & should be credited to bank account by 1st week of every month rather than delaying for long time. 12. KRA system should be conducted in a much better way to motivate the employees and reduce the Employee Turnover Ratio (ETR). 13. The compensation of em ployees needs to be raised according to profile, workload, efficiency, and work experience. 14. Rules should be made in consensus with employees’ welfare. 15. Focus on minimising the time for documentation process like RC Book, Insurance Policy, Bills and Promotional Gift vouchers and Offers etc. S. NO. CONTENTS| PAGE NO. | 1. | Introduction To The Topic| 9-11| 2. | Company Profile| 12-24| 3. | Industry Profile| 22-30| 4. | Scope Of Work| 31-32| 5. | Objective Of The Project| 33-34| 6. | Research Methodology| 35-40| 7. | Data Analysis & Interpretation| 41| 8. | Part-I (Business Process) | 42-53| 9. | Part-II (Organization Climate Study)| 54-77| 10. | Observations and Findings| 78-80| 11. | Limitations of study| 81-82| 12. | Suggestions and Recommendations| 83-85| 13. | Conclusions| 86-87| 14. | Bibliography| 88-89| 15. | Annexure| 90| TABLE/GRAPH NO. | CONTENTS| PAGE NO. | Table 1| Awards & Accolades| 16|Table 2| Annual Sales Of Jamkash For The Last Five Years| 20| Table 3| A nnual Purchase And Sales In True Value| 20| Table 4| Exchange Penetration Rate At Jamkash In TRUE VALUE| 20| CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC The topic for my SIP has two two separate parts as _ â€Å"Organizational Climate Study† & â€Å"Business Process† of Jamkash Vehicleades (Kashmir) Pvt Ltd. These are introduced briefly as under: Organizational Climate Study Organisational Climate studies the employees' perceptions and perspectives of an organization. The surveys address attitudes and concerns that help the organization work with employees to instil positive changes.Organisational climate surveys increase productivity. Climate surveys give employees a voice to assist in making desired transitions as smooth as possible. It also serves as a basis for quality improvements. By identifying areas of inefficiency and acting on performance barriers identified by employees of all levels, an organization gains a fresh and different perspective. Survey analysis identifi es areas of employee satisfaction and dissatisfaction to facilitate management in the creation of greater workplace harmony and, therefore, increased productivity.Conclusions are drawn from the data, and recommendations are made to the management team. Additionally, climate surveys can set benchmarks for future surveys, which will allow more in-depth and time series analysis. Business Process Jamkash Vehicleades generates its revenue through different ways by which it has set an example of an emerging and successful business organization in the whole valley and has covered the maximum market share. With its effective implementation of innovative ideas ; promotional tools it succeeded in the establishment of new E-outlets in various districts of the valley.Nature of business: Dealership, Service Provider Processes: * Sale of New Cars (MARUTI SUZUKI Cars Only) * Buying and Selling of Pre-Owned Cars in TRUE VALUE (of any Company) * Services and Repairs Reason for selecting the topic: T here was a need to re-look the operational strategy and the internal systems to optimise the utilisation of resources particularly the human resources. It would help the organisation to harness the emerging opportunities and meet the upcoming challenges. For this purpose this study on Organisational Climate was undertaken.I selected this topic in order to learn the Marketing ; Selling process in the real corporate and gain some experience out of it so that I can get the best placement opportunities from the leading companies after seeing my experience in marketing ; sales. Apart from the sales I wanted to take a deep look into the Business Process of Jamkash Vehicleades so that it could help me in getting the better idea and insight of the business environment, how automobile companies generate their revenue. CHAPTER-2 COMPANY PROFILE JAMKASH VEHICLEADES (KASHMIR) PVT. LTD GENERAL INTRODUCTION:Jamkash Vehicleades is a unique and pioneering organisation working for near about a decad e in the valley with the maximum market share in its’ basket of achievements. It emerged to sell and serve the society with the quality products in Automobile sector initially in JAMMU ; KASHMIR. Jamkash Vehicleades is getting a number of opportunities and experiencing certain challenges in recent times. The opportunities include heavy demand for its services from other states and growing interest on the part of many locations to have E-outlets in those locations as well.To meet these demands and harness opportunities Jamkash Vehicleades moved to national and has opened new E-outlets at different locations recently. The challenges include; sustain and retain the higher position in the competitive market and create maximum employment opportunities for the local people. Another challenge is to compete with the competitors’ new product designs, quality services and promotional tools. BRIEF HISTORY * Jamkash Vehicleades, Kashmir is an authorized dealership of Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. * It Commenced business on 8th Aug 2003.Since then it has been providing best services to its customers. * In order to further reach to the rural customers of the Valley, it was the first dealership in J ; K to open E-outlets at Baramullah and Kupwara. * The Vehicleades Group is spread across 4 states (J;K, Punjab, Himachal and New Delhi) and 17 locations. * It sells more than 16,000 cars and services more than 125,000 cars annually. * Vehicleades is among the Top 5 Maruti dealers in the country. * Largest Dealer in Northern India. * It started  operations in 1987, with an employee strength of 15, which now stands at 2000 plus. The success is attributed to the loyal patronage of esteemed customers, supported by an excellent, dedicated team. Commitment towards Customer Care, time has been appreciated by MSIL, in the form of numerous awards. We say: ‘Think Maruti, Think Vehicleades' DEALERSHIPS Main Showroom * Jamkash Vehicleades, Hyderpora Byepass Srinagar, 2003 E -OUTLETS * Jamkash Vehicleades(Kmr), Baramullah (Opened on 1st Nov 2006, Average sale of 100 Vehicles, Showing tremendous growth YOY, inspite of being location susceptible to Militancy and frequent shutdowns) * Jamkash Vehicleades(Kmr), Kupwara Opened on 1st Aug 2009, Average sale of 30 Vehicles, Covering very difficult and terrorism infested areas. ) UP COMING OUTLETS * Jamkash Vehicleades(Kmr), Ganderbal * Jamkash Vehicleades(Kmr), Magam * Jamkash Vehicleades(Kmr), Bandipora CEO/MD of Jamkash Vehicleades (KMR) Pvt. Ltd. MR. IRFAN AHMAD NARWAROO * He was born in 1964, of an engineer father, and a Doctor mother. * He has done his engineering from National Institute of Technology (NIT), earlier REC. * Area of specialization was Civil engineering. Professionally, he started out as an embedded engineer, but his move into automobile industry has an interesting story behind it. It was soon after he finished his final exams in the year 1988, he along with his friends was selected for the Team Gypsy which was a rally programme of Maruti Udyog in collaboration with J;K Tourism. * At that time, there was no idea about the rallies; it was just that how to drive a car. In that rally, he achieved 3rd national rank and when he came back, Dr. Farooq Abdullah, the then Chief Minister appreciated the team and even took them along to Delhi. He made us to participate in couple of more rallies and in the same year, we again bagged 3rd National rank. † * That was the turning point of his life, when he achieved the same rank twice and at that time, he decided that he should carve his future in the automobile sector. He was given an authorization letter by Maruti Udyog to start an automobile centre. Jamkash Vehicleades, Hyderpora, Byepass, Srinagar Table 1 AWARDS ; ACCOLADES All India Dealers Conference Held At Pattaya, Thailand 2012BEST SERVICE AWARD BEST E-OUTLET IN THE COUNTRYAll India Dealers Conference Held At Macau In 2010 | | BEST CUSTOMER RETENTION| HIGHEST GROWTH ON HIGH BASE| | BEST SHOWROOM E – OUTLET (RUNNER UP)| | BEST SALES SATISFACTION FOR CITY| | BEST MARKETING INITIATIVES| All India Dealer Conference Held At Bangkok In 2009 | Fy-2008-2009 | | BEST PERFORMANCE IN SPECIAL SCHEMES BY A DEALER| | BEST EMPLOYEE RETENTION(RUNNER-UP)| | HIGHEST NO. OF M 800 SOLD| | HIGHEST GROWTH IN ALL MODEL DESPATCH| | HIGHEST GROWTH IN CLUB 500 DEALERS| All India Dealer Conference Held At Istanbul Turkey In 2008 | Fy-2007-2008 | | EXCELLENCE IN SALES(10000+ CLUB)| | EXCELLENCE IN SPARES PARTS HIGHEST MGA OFFTAKE PER VEHICLE(;8000 VEHICLES)| | EXCELLENCE IN SALES HIGHEST NO OF M800 SOLD| EXCELLENCE IN SERVICE-INNOVATIVE SERVICE   MARKETING| | EXCELLENCE IN MARKETING-MOST CONSISTENT ADVERTISING THROUGHOUT THE YEAR| All India Dealer Conference Held At Athens Greece In 2007 | Fy-2006-2007 | | BEST PERFORMANCE SPECIAL SCHEMES (RUNNER-UP)| | BEST MI PERORMANCE N2| | BEST PERFORMANCE IN RURAL MARKETING| COMPETITORS OF JAMKASH 1. Peaks Auto Pvt Ltd: MARUTI SUZUKI 7. Fairdeal Motors: TATA, Fiat 2. HIGHLAND : MARUTI SUZUKI8. K. C Motors: Chevrolet 3. K. C HYUNDAI: Hyundai 4. Ford : Ford 6. Ansari Toyota : Toyota DEPARTMENTS AT JAMKASH VEHICLEADESThere are ten departments in the organization: Admin HR SalesMarketing Service True Value Accessories Customer Care Insurance Maruti Driving School (MDS) BRIEF PERFORMANCE * Harnessed the huge potential of Kashmir market and started with an average sale of 250 vehicles and servicing load of 950. * Now selling on an average 400 vehicles and servicing load of 3800 vehicles. * Tie-ups with seven leading Insurance Companies. 1. National Insurance 2. New India Insurance 3. Bajaj Alliance 4. Royal Sundaram 5. Iffco Tokyo General Insurance . ICICI Lombard 7. Chola Mandalam * Excellent performance inspite of Kashmir problem, Terrorism and virtually a brokers Heaven. TRUE VALUE: Monthly Purchase: 30 – 40 vehicles (on average) Sale : 40 – 50 vehicles (on average) INSURANCE: INSURANCE: Month ly 2000 – 2500 cars are insured on average. PREMIUM: Rs. 1. 25 crore as total premium is paid to Insurance companies. CLAIMS: 700 claims/ month are entertained which costs Rs. 70 lacs. Cashless Facility: Under which only depreciation amount has to be paid by the customer at the time of claim. TABLE 2ANNUAL SALES OF JAMKASH FOR THE LAST FIVE YEARS YEAR| RETAILS of cars (in numbers) | April 2007 – March 2008| 3516 cars| 2008 – 2009| 3431 | 2009 – 2010| 3331| 2010 – 2011| 3979| 2011 – 2012| 3781| April – May 2012| 635| TABLE 3 ANNUAL PURCHASE AND SALES IN TRUE VALUE YEAR| PURCHASES| SALES| April 2007 – March 2008| 226| 220| 2008 – 2009| 191| 186| 2009 – 2010| 257| 242| 2010 – 2011| 303| 296| 2011 – 2012| 394| 374| April – May 2012| -| -| TABLE 4 Exchange Penetration Rate* at Jamkash in TRUE VALUE YEAR| %age| April 2007 – March 2008| 6. 02%| 2008 – 2009| 5. 99%| 009 – 2010| 10 . 92%| 2010 – 2011| 7. 04%| 2011 – 2012| 12. 25%| * Exchange Penetration: Customers sell their old cars to TRUE VALUE and buy new cars. CUSTOMER RETENTION Meaning: Customer Retention  is the activity that a selling organization undertakes in order to reduce customer defections. Successful customer retention starts with the first contact an organisation has with a customer and continues throughout the entire lifetime of a relationship. For that Jamkash Vehicleades organises different events, programs and customer meetings to build a lifelong relationship. e. g. Drawing Competition between Children of existing customers * Customers Meeting Day * Gift Ceremony * Teachers Day * Environment Day etc. How customers are retained in Jamkash Vehicleades Pvt. Ltd. * 72 Hr. ’s Post Sales Follow up * Internal Feedback Card * 15 Days Post Sales Follow up * 20 Days Home Visit * Organize Different types of Events day to day * Organize Customer Meets every month with different themes * If any complaint, resolution within 2-3 days with a proper format. * Average resolution time (ART) ;;; as less as possible * CC/1000 analysed on the monthly basisEVENTS ; PROGRAMS FOR CUSTOMER RETENTION AT JAMKASH VEHICLEADES Customers Meeting Customers Meeting Teachers Day Teachers Day Gift Ceremony Gift Ceremony Drawing Competition Drawing Competition CHAPTER-3 INDUSTRY PROFILE OVERVIEW OF AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY Car manufacturing in India first began in late 1940s. Earlier a couple of cars made by foreign technology were manufactured in India. But now, cars made my Indian car manufacturers dominate the business. | |The future of car manufacturing in India is bright. Sensing this, foreign car manufacturers like Ford, Toyota, Hyundai, Suzuki, Honda and Skoda are spreading their base in the country. Domestic car manufacturers have also contributed to the growth of the automobile industry in India. REASONS OF GROWTH Economic liberalization, increase in per capita income, variou s tax relief policies, easy accessibility of finance, launch of new models and exciting discount offers made by dealers all together have resulted in to a stupendous growth of Indian Automobile industry. MARKET SHAREAutomobile industry of India can be broadly classified under passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, three wheelers and two wheelers, with two wheelers having a maximum market share of more than 75%. Automobile companies of India, Korea, Europe and Japan have a significant hold on the Indian market share. Tata Motors produces maximum numbers of mid and large size commercial vehicles, holding more that 60% of the market share. Motorcycles top the charts of two wheelers with Hero Honda being the key player. Bajaj by far is the number one manufacturer of three wheelers in India.Passenger vehicle section is majorly ruled by the car manufacturers capturing over 82% of the total market share. Maruti since long has been the biggest car manufacturer and holds more that 50% of t he entire market. Global recession has impacted the Indian automobile industry also and can be seen clearly in the sales figures of the last financial year. Even then this industry has high hopes in 2009-2010; as banks have reduced loan interest rates and the major chunk of automobile customers belong to the middle income group who are becoming economically stronger with every passing day.POPULAR CAR MANUFACTURERS IN INDIA * Maruti Suzuki Ltd. : This is the first automobile company in the world to have an ISO 9000:2000 certificate. It has a joint venture with Suzuki Motor Corporation. The popular models of this group are Maruti 800, Alto, Swift, Wagon-R and Zen. * General Motors India: This global leader entered the Indian market as a joint venture with the C. K. now it is a fully owned subsidiary of the Birla Group. This group has also introduced cars like Chevrolet Optra and Chevrolet Tavera (MUV) in India. * Ford India Ltd. : It was originally an American company.It entered the I ndian market in the year 1988 and launched Ford Escort. The Ford Ikon launched in 2001 was a successful car in India. Other brands of Ford like Ford Fusion, Ford Fiesta, Ford Mondeo and Ford Endeavour also gained popularity in India. * Tata Motors Limited: It is India's largest automobile company, the largest commercial vehicle manufacturer, the second largest passenger car manufacturer in India and the fifth largest medium and heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer in the world. The popular brands of the company are Tata Indica, Tata Indigo, Tata Sumo and Tata Safari.Tata Nano: Recently Tata Motors launched India’s cheapest car Tata Nano in one lakh rupees. * Toyota Kirloskar Motor Ltd: With a joint venture with Toyota Motor Corporation Japan, the Kirloskar Group of India holds 89% equity of the company. The most popular brands of this group in India are Camry, Corolla, Prado and Innova * Fiat India Private Ltd: The Fiat India that belongs to the Fiat Auto Spa group of Italy gives world-class cars to the country. This group has entered the motor vehicle sector more than one hundred years ago and has earned fame not only in India, but also abroad.Besides ‘Uno', which is Europe's favorite car for the last two decades, the brands like Palio, Petra and Adventure have also become famous. * Hindustan Motors: This flagship company of the C. K. Birla Group was established by Mr. B. M. Birla. Some of the most popular brands of this car manufacturer are Ambassador, Contessa and Mitsubishi Lancer. Other remarkable brands of this company are Trekker, Porter and Pushpak. * Hyundai Motor India Ltd: Hyundai Motor India Limited (HMIL) is not only the second largest car manufacturer in India, but is also the fastest growing among the car manufacturers in India.The popularity of Santro, Getz, Accent, Elantra, Sonata Embera and Tuscon is proof of its success. The company is an ISO 14001. Maruti Suzuki India Limited is a publicly listed automaker in India. It is a le ading four-wheeler automobile manufacturer in South Asia. Suzuki Motor Corporation of Japan holds a majority stake in the company. It was the first company in India to mass-produce and sell more than a million cars. It is largely credited for having brought in an automobile revolution to India. It is the market leader in India and on 17 September 2007, Maruti Udyog was renamed Maruti Suzuki India Limited.PROFILE Maruti Suzuki plant in Gurgaon Maruti Suzuki is one of India's leading automobile manufacturers and the market leader in the car segment, both in terms of volume of vehicles sold and revenue earned. Until recently, 18. 28% of the company was owned by the Indian government, and 54. 2% by Suzuki of Japan. The Indian government held an initial public offering of 25% of the company in June 2003. As of May 10, 2007, Govt. of India sold its complete share to Indian financial institutions. With this, Govt. of India no longer has stake in Maruti Udyog.Maruti Udyog Limited (MUL) was established in February 1981, though the actual production commenced in 1983 with the Maruti 800, based on the Suzuki Alto kei car which at the time was the only modern car available in India, its' only competitors- the Hindustan Ambassador and Premier Padmini were both around 25 years out of date at that point. Through 2004, Maruti has produced over 5 Million vehicles. Maruti’s are sold in India and various several other countries, depending upon export orders. Cars similar to Maruti’s (but not manufactured by Maruti Udyog) are sold by Suzuki and manufactured in Pakistan and other South Asian countries.The company annually exports more than 50,000 cars and has an extremely large domestic market in India selling over 730,000 cars annually. Maruti 800, till 2004, was the India's largest selling compact car ever since it was launched in 1983. More than a million units of this car have been sold worldwide so far. Currently, Maruti Alto and Alto K10 tops the sales charts a nd Maruti Swift is the largest selling in A2 segment. Due to the large number of Maruti 800s sold in the Indian market, the term â€Å"Maruti† is commonly used to refer to this compact car model.Till recently the term â€Å"Maruti†, in popular Indian culture, was associated to the Maruti 800 model. Maruti Suzuki India Limited, a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation of Japan, has been the leader of the Indian car market for over two decades. It’s manufacturing facilities are located at two facilities Gurgaon and Manesar south of New Delhi. Maruti’s Gurgaon facility has an installed capacity of 350,000 units per annum. The Manesar facilities, launched in February 2007 comprise a vehicle assembly plant with a capacity of 100,000 units per year and a Diesel Engine plant with an annual capacity of 100,000 engines and transmissions.Manesar and Gurgaon facilities have a combined capability to produce over 700,000 units annually. More than half the cars sold in India are Maruti cars. The company is a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation, Japan, which owns 54. 2 per cent of Maruti. The rest is owned by the public and financial institutions. It is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange in India. During 2007-08, Maruti Suzuki sold 764,842 cars, of which 53,024 were exported. In all, over six million Maruti cars are on Indian roads since the first car was rolled out on December 14, 1983.Vision The leader in the India Automobile Industry, Creating Customer Delight and Shareholder’s Wealth; A pride of India† We must be an internationally competitive company in terms of our products and services. We must retain our leadership in India and should also aspire to be among the global players. Mission To provide a wide range of modern, high quality fuel efficient vehicles in order to meet the need of different customers, both in domestic and export markets. To provide maximum value for money to their customers through continuous improvement of products and services.Maruti has a network of 391 sales outlets across 230 cities all over India. The service network covers 1,113 towns and cities, bolstered by 2,142 authorized service outlets. The company's change in strategy and emphasis on developing effective marketing communications was their highlights. Mr. Shinzo Nakanishi MD ; CEO Mr. D. S. Brar Director Mr. R. C. Bhargava Chairman Mr. Mavinder Singh Banga Director Mr. Tsuneo Ohashi Director Mr. Keiichi Asai Director Mr. Shinzo Nakanishi MD ; CEO Mr. D. S. Brar Director Mr. R. C. Bhargava Chairman Mr. Mavinder Singh Banga Director Mr.Tsuneo Ohashi Director Mr. Keiichi Asai Director MANAGING BODY PRODUCTS Maruti Suzuki offers 16 models of cars: 1. Maruti 800 2. Omni 3. Alto 4. Wagon R 5. A Star 6. Versa 7. Ritz 8. Gypsy 9. Zen Estilo 10. Ertiga 11. Swift 12. Swift Dzire 13. Eeco 14. SX4 15. Grand Vitara 16. Kizashi Swift, Swift Dzire, A star and SX4 are manufactured in Manesar, Grand Vitara imported from Japan as a completely built unit (CBU), remaining all models are manufactured in Maruti Suzuki's Gurgaon Plant. Suzuki Motor Corporation, the parent company, is a global leader in mini and compact cars for three decades.Suzuki’s technical superiority lies in its ability to pack power and performance into a compact, lightweight engine that is clean and fuel efficient. Maruti is clearly an â€Å"employer of choice† for automotive engineers and young managers from across the country. Nearly 75,000 people are employed directly by Maruti and its partners. FACILITIES Indian Four Wheeler Industry The Four-Wheeler Industry in India has not quite matched up to the performance of its counterparts in other parts of the world. The primary reason for this has been the all-pervasive regulatory atmosphere prevailing till the opening up of the industry in the mid-1990s.The various layers of legislative Acts sheltered the industry from external competition for a long tim e. Moreover, the industry was considered low-priority as cars were thought of as unaffordable luxury†. Post Liberalization, the car market in India have been in a burgeoning stage with all types of cars flooding the market in order to meet the demands of Indian customers who are increasingly exposed to state of the world automobiles and want the best when it comes to purchasing a car. It is expected that by 2030, the Indian car market will be the 3rd largest car market across the globe.The main encouraging factors for the success story of the car market in India are the increase in the opportunity for new investments, the rise in the GDP rate, the growing per capita income, massive population, and high ownership capacity. The liberalization policies followed by the Indian government had been inviting foreign players to participate in the car market in India. The recent trend within the new generation to get work in the software based sector has led to the rise in the income le vel and change in the lifestyle significantly, which has further led to the increase in the demand for luxurious cars among them.The car Market in India is crowded with all varieties of car models like the small cars, mid-size cars, luxury cars, super luxury cars, and sports utility vehicles. Initially the most popular car model dominating the Car Market in India was the Ambassador, which however today gave way to numerous new models like Hyundai, Honda, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Bentley and many others. Moreover, there are many other models of cars in the pipeline, to be launched in the car market in India. Some of the leading brands dominating the car market in India at present are Hindustan Motors, Reva Electric Car Co. Fiat India Private Ltd. , Daimler Chrysler India Private Ltd, Ford India Ltd. , Honda Siel Cars India Ltd. , General Motors India, Hyundai Motors India Ltd. , Skoda Auto India Private Ltd. , and Toyota Kirloskar Motor Ltd. Since the demand for foreign cars are increasin g with time, big brands like Mercedes Benz, Volkswagen, Aston Martin, Ferrari, and Rolls-Royce have long since made a foray into the Indian car market. Facts about Indian Car Market: Although the Indian automobile industry has come a long way since the deregulation in 1993, India does not rank well among its global eers in many respects, viz. , the contribution of the sector to industrial output, number of cars per person, employment by the sector as a percentage of industrial employment, number of months' income required to purchase a car, and penetration of cars. Figure:- Passenger vehicle stock per 100 people India is far behind from other countries with just 6. 9 cars per 100 persons, while Unites States has 76. 9 cars on per 100 persons. Among developing countries, Russia also stands ahead than India and China with 16. 3 cars per 100 persons.Two things that stunted growth of the Indian automobile industry in the past have been low demand and lack of vision on the part of the or iginal equipment manufacturers (OEMs). However, the demand has picked up after the liberalization of the regulatory environment, and global OEMs who enjoy scale economies both in terms of manufacturing and research and development (R;D) entered the Indian market. This has resulted in a significant shift in the way business is conducted by suppliers, assemblers and marketers. CHAPTER-4 SCOPE OF WORK SCOPE OF WORK: The scope of the study was limited to the Head office: at Hyderpora Byepass Srinagar, ; Not for * Regional offices: at Baramullah, Kupwara and * Recently started E-outlets: at Ganderbal, Bandipora, and Magam. This study will definitely help me in gaining the experience and getting the exposure of the Real Corporate World and lastly it will help me in achieving some mastery over the marketing. CHAPTER-5 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT WORK OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT: 1. 1 PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: * To get familiar with ‘How the Corporate works’ * To study about the Organizati on climate. * To study the overall Business Process of Jamkash Vehicleades. To analyse the organisation’s current position in the competitive market. 1. 2 SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: * To gain the experience and get the exposure of the Real Corporate World. * To make the study a success for the organisation in bringing some positive change. * To forward the complaints of customers to Service Manager and CRM. * To know the expectations and suggestions of the customers towards improvements in the car and after sale service. * To know the satisfaction level of employees as well as customers of Jamkash Vehicleades. CHAPTER-6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 6. 1 WHAT IS RESEARCH?Research is creative work undertaken systematically to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, sup port  theorems, or develop new  theories. A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects, or the project as a whole.The primary purposes of   basic research are documentation,  discovery,  interpretation, or the  research and development  of methods and systems for the advancement of human  knowledge. Approaches to research depend on  epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, etc. 6. 2 MEANING: Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. Research can also be defined as a scientific search for pertinent information on a specific topic.In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation. Some people consider research a movement from known to the unknown. It is actua lly a voyage of discovery. 6. 3 DEFINITION: A broad definition of research is given by Martin Shuttle Worth – â€Å"In the broadest sense of the word, the definition of research includes any gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge. † Another definition of research is given by Creswell who states – â€Å"Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyse information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue†.It consists of three steps: Pose a question, collect data to answer the question, and present an answer to the question. The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines research in more detail as â€Å"a studious inquiry or examination; especially   : investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws†. 6. 4 WHAT IS RESEARCH METHODOLOG Y? Methodology  is generally a guideline system for solving a problem, with specific components such as phases, tasks, methods, techniques and tools.It can be defined also as follows: 1. â€Å"the  analysis  of the principles of methods, rules, and postulates employed by a discipline† 2. â€Å"the systematic study of methods that are, can be, or have been applied within a discipline† 3. â€Å"the study or description of methods†. A methodology can be considered to include multiple methods, each as applied to various facets of the whole scope of the methodology. The research can be divided between two parts; they are qualitative research and quantitative research. 6. 5 RESEARCH PROCESS:Research is often conducted using the hourglass model structure of research. The hourglass model starts with a broad spectrum for research, focusing in on the required information through the method of the project (like the neck of the hourglass), then expands the research in the form of discussion and results. The major steps in conducting research are: * IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM * LITERATURE REVIEW * SPECIFYING THE PURPOSE OF RESEARCH * DETERMINE SPECIFIC RESEARCH QUESTIONS OR HYPOTHESES * DATA COLLECTION * ANALYSING AND INTERPRETING THE DATA * REPORTING AND EVALUATING RESEARCHThe steps generally represent the overall process; however they should be viewed as an ever-changing process rather than a fixed set of steps. Most researches begin with a general statement of the problem, or rather, the purpose for engaging in the study. The literature review identifies flaws or holes in previous research which provides justification for the study. Often, a literature review is conducted in a given subject area before a research question is identified. A gap in the current literature, as identified by a researcher, then engenders a research question. The research question may be parallel to the hypothesis.The hypothesis is the supposition to be tested . The researcher(s) collects data to test the hypothesis. The researcher(s) then analyses and interprets the data via a variety of statistical methods, engaging in what is known as  Empirical research. The results of the data analysis in confirming or failing to reject the  Null hypothesis  are then reported and evaluated. At the end the researcher may discuss avenues for further research. Methodology Under the methodology, the first challenge was to choose a framework and accordingly choose the other criteria like data sources and tools to collect the data. ) Framework Used for Organisational Understanding There are several frameworks, which can be applied to study organisation climate. Some of these are * Litwin ; Stringer, (1968)- organisational attribute approach * Schneider and Barlett (1968,1970)-individual attribute approach Litwin ; Stringer, (1968) has given a macro perspective of analysing the organisation. According to them, â€Å"Climate can be defined as the perc eived attributes of an organisation and its sub-systems as reflected in the way an organisation deals with its members, groups and issues†.The emphasis is on perceived attributes and the working of sub-systems. This frame work emphasises on motivational linkages and seems to be quite relevant for studying organisational climate. Litwin ; Stringer, (1968) Model: A brief†¦ The framework considers six motives relevant for organisational climate. 1. Achievement – this motive is characterised by concern for excellence competition against standards set by others or by oneself, the setting of challenging goals for oneself, awareness of the obstacles that might be encountered in attempting to achieve these goals, and persistence in trying alternative paths to one’s goals. . Influence – this motive is characterised by a concern for making an impact on the others, a desire to make people do what one thinks is right and an urge to change situations and develop p eople. 3. Control – this is characterised by a concern for orderliness, a desire to be and stay informed, an urge to monitor events and to make corrective action when needed, and a need to display personal power. 4. Extension – this is characterised by a concern for others, interest in super ordinate goals, and an urge to be relevant and useful to large groups, including society as a whole. . Dependency – This motive is characterised by a desire for the assistance of the others in developing oneself, a need to check with significant others (those who are more knowledgeable or have a higher status, experts, close associates and so on), a tendency to submit ideas or proposals for the approval, and an urge to maintain a relationship based on the other person’s approval. 6. Affiliation – this is characterised by a concern for the establishing and maintaining close personal relationships, and emphasis on friendship, and a tendency to express one’ s emotions.Schneider and Barlett (1968, 1970)-individual attribute approach Schneider and Barlett view organisational climate as perceptual as well as an individual attribute. Climate in this approach is viewed as summary or global perception held by individuals about their organisational environment. Some of them are encompassed by the work environment scale developed by Moos in 1994. It includes various broad dimensions like Involvement, Co-worker, Cohesion, Supervisor Support, Autonomy, Task Orientation, Work Pressure, Clarity, Managerial Control, Innovation, Physical Comfort and others.The summary perceptions of all the individuals taken together reflect an interaction between personal and organisational characteristics, in which the individual by forms climate perceptions. This paper basically tries to understand the organisation on the basis of individual attribute approach. b) Data sources and tools used 1. Primary Sources: Primary sources of data included interactions with C EO, regional managers, employees, field staff and telephonic interviews with ex-employees. Tool used: * Structured Questionnaire * Interaction with the EmployeesConducting Organisational Climate study required the preparation of a detailed questionnaire which could capture all possible areas of satisfaction and dissatisfaction of employees. For this I circulated questionnaires to all Jamkash Vehicleade’s employees and mentioned the objectives of my study. I highlighted some points which could help employees in knowing about the importance of organisational Climate study. This was to create awareness among the employees about the study being conducted and how important their participation is, to make the study a success for the organisation in bringing some positive change.The questionnaire included 24+12 questions on separate topics (Annexure 1- Part One ; Part Two). There were questions on a 5 point scale, where 1 was the least satisfaction level and 5 was the most satisfact ion level. There were also some open ended questions and objectives (Yes/No) questions. The questionnaire was tailor made to meet the needs of the organisation. Questions on HR issues formed major part of the survey. I personally met with all Jamkash Vehicleades employees requested them to fill it on the spot. Receptivity to participating in the survey varied tremendously.Since the process was confidential most of the employees still did not want to mention their names/ positions. However some of them freely gave their responses. To understand the organisation climate from a macro perspective I mostly interacted with the senior staff and CEO of the organisation. In order to understand the group dynamics I attended the various training programs organised at various clusters where I met many officials and beneficiaries and tried to get a holistic understanding of the organization in which few dynamic personalities were: Mr. Owais Ahmad Rather (Human Resource Manager)Mr. Mushtaq Ahmad Wani (Institutional sales Manager) Mr. Peer Firdous Ahmad (DGM Marketing ; Sales) Mr. Irfan Ahmad Parray (Sr. Marketing Manager) Mr. Sajjad Ahmad (Deputy General Manager, Marketing) and many distinguished personalities. In the process, personally I also met with all employees of the organisation and interacted with them. 2. Secondary sources: The major sources of secondary data were the documents and records of the organization, the annual reports and the literature review. CHAPTER-7 DATA ANALYSIS ; INTERPRETATION Part-I Business Process OfJamkash Vehicleades FOR SALES 1. Were the following things available at Jamkash Showroom? Tick Yes/ No. Particulars| Yes| No| Product Information:| 20| -| Price List:| 20| -| Broachers/ Catalogues:| 17| 3| Display Car:| 16| 4| Friendly Environment:| 14| 6| Proper Seating Arrangement:| 20| -| Interpretation: Overall maximum number of customers agree with the statement that all the things were available at Jamkash Showroom. It can be understood from the analysis that Jamkash is progressing and winning the hearts of the customers through new innovations and attractive tools. . Was the test drive of your car readily available at Jamkash? Options| Results| Yes| 12| No| 8| Total| 20| Interpretation: Out of the total sample size 60% said that the test drive of their vehicle was available at Jamkash Vehicleades. However, the remaining 40% had not taken a test drive. The reason being; they had purchased their vehicles during the time of protests and strikes in Kashmir Valley. So it was not possible to give a test drive of the vehicles freely. 3. Was the car delivered to you at the promised date and time? Options| Results| Yes| 17|No| 3| Total| 20 | Interpretation: Majority of the customers are happy for car delivery on time 85% of the customers agree with the statement. However only 15% don’t agree with this. The reason might be strikes and protests at the time of delivery of the vehicle. 4. How would you rate the overall Jamk ash’s Sales Executives ; Insurance Executives about product knowledge, behaviour, and approach till the delivery of your new car? Particulars| Results| | Excellent| 6| | Good| 11| | Average| 3| | Bad| -| | Very Bad| -| | Total| 20| | Interpretation:Overall maximum customers rated the Jamkash Staff and executives as good. Some rated them as excellent while some rated as average. 55% rated as Good, 30% rated as excellent, and 15% rated them as average. It can be imagined and realised that no customer rated the Jamkash executives as bad or very bad; it clearly states that the employees of Jamkash Vehicleades are very much experienced and knowledgeable without giving any chance of complaint to customer(s). 5. Do you think that the time taken for service / repair was sufficient / reasonable? Options| Results| Yes| 17| No| 3|Total| 20| Interpretation: Jamkash Vehicleades is considered as No. 1. Service provider in the whole valley. It is the only dealership in the whole valley that has its’ service centres in other districts also. So the organization has covered the maximum market of the valley. From the survey it was found that 80% of the customers were satisfied with the service of Jamkash Vehicleades. Exception is of only few customers which will not be considered. FOR SERVICE 6. At the time of the delivery of serviced car, was the Service Advisor present? Options| Results| Yes| 15| No| 5|Total| 20| Interpretation: After purchasing a vehicle, at the time of delivery, presence of service advisor is very important. He makes the customer aware about Do’s ; Don’ts and gives him all the necessary information about the service timings and generally trains him for minor repairs of the vehicle himself in case of emergency. 75% said that the Service Advisor was present at time of delivery. Only 25% do not agree with this. 7. Did you receive any phone call from Jamkash before and after servicing of your vehicle? Options| Results| Yes| 20| No| -| Total| 20| Interpretation:Jamkash Vehicleades is very much effective in follow-ups of the customers. It is one of the tools for Customer Retention. For that Jamkash customer care calls the customer before and after the service to make them aware about the servicing dates and other issues. From the data collected after survey it was seen that the customer follow-up process is 100% done fairly ; effectively at Jamkash. 8. Are you satisfied after servicing your car at Jamkash Vehicleades’ workshop? Options| Results| Yes| 16| No| 4| Total| 20| Interpretation: 80% of the customers are satisfied with the services of Jamkash Vehicleades.The reason behind that is: Jamkash is having qualified and experienced workforce in the concerned departments; Workshop, Body Shop as well as front office where claims are entertained. 9. How would you rate the overall Jamkash’s Workforce ; Service Supervisor/Advisor about product knowledge, behaviour, and approach till the delivery of your s erviced car? Particulars| Results| | Excellent| 7| | Good| 11| | Average| 2| | Bad| -| | Very Bad| -| | Total| 20| | Interpretation: Maximum customers of Jamkash rated the workforce and Service Advisor as good.Some rated them as excellent while some rated as average. 55% rated as Good, 35% rated as excellent, and 10% rated them as average. It clearly states that the workforce of Jamkash Vehicleades is very much experienced and educated in their field without giving any chance of complaint to customer(s). ? 10. Have you planned to repurchase a car from Jamkash Vehicleades in future again? Options| Results| Yes| 10| No| 10| Total| 20| Interpretation: As such every customer of Jamkash is satisfied with its Quality sale and Service. But the 50% of them have not decided to repurchase the new car from Jamkash only.The reason might be the best deigns and offers given by the competitors can deviate the attention of the customers from MARUTI products. 11. Any Complaints/ Suggestions: i Time taken for servicing the vehicle should be reduced. ii Approval of car loan should be done very quickly. iii Documentation Process should be done very fast. iv Some discounts and offers should be given also on services. v As such there is no problems with the servicing but the time taken is much so number of workers and mechanics should be increased to distribute the workload and get the customer’s car serviced quickly. i Complaints or grievances of the customers should be addressed and resolved immediately to save the precious time of the customers. Part-II Organizational Climate Study HR POLICY: Q. 1. The recruitment process at Jamkash Vehicleades is fair? Options| Results| Yes| 26| No| 4| Total| 30| Interpretation: The recruitment process at Jamkash Vehicleades is very fair as 87 % of the employees of the organization agree with the statement. Whereas from the 13% of the employees who were against the statement I asked the reason, they replied that the recruitment process t akes place on the personal reference basis in Jamkash.However from the survey it is clear that the major number of the employees is in favour of the statement and thus the recruitment process at Jamkash Vehicleades will be considered as fair. Q. 2. Have you been given the HR Manual, its hardcopy/ softcopy? Options| Results| HR Manual Given| 13| HR Manual Not Given| 17| Total| 30| Options| Results| HR Manual Read| 9| HR Manual Not Read| 21| Total| 30| Interpretation: From the survey it was seen that only 43% of the employees have been given the HR Manual whereas the major number of employees i. e. 7%, have not received the same. Among the receivers only 9 persons (30%) have read it and the rest 70% are not aware of it. Although the majority of the employees are not aware about the HR manual and the Rules therein but still I found the good Co-ordination and Co-operation among the employees and all the processes were going on very smoothly. It is because all the employees belong to rel igious families. Q. 3. Are you satisfied with your current working conditions in Jamkash Vehicleades? Options| Results| Yes| 19| No| 11| Total| 30| Interpretation:Jamkash Vehicleades has set its own example of its Quality Sale ; Service and has covered the maximum market share in the whole valley. It could be imagined that the employees of Jamkash are hardworking and dedicated. Survey has brought in front, the responses of the employees of Jamkash regarding their satisfaction level in the organization. 63% of the employees are satisfied with the current working environment of Jamkash Vehicleades. Whereas 37% of the employees reasoned their dissatisfaction that they are not satisfied with the salary and other benefits. Q. 4.I am aware about the insurance, income tax and provident fund policies of the organization: Options| Results| Yes| 22| No| 8| Total| 30| Interpretation: Maximum number of employees at Jamkash Vehicleades are very well aware about their insurance, income tax and pr ovident fund policies. As per the survey conducted it was found that 73% employees are aware about it and only 27% are not. The reason of the latter might be that they are new to the organization recruited recently and have not got enough information so immediately. Column1| Column2| 1. Strongly disagree| 6| 2. Disagree| 3| 3. Neither agree nor disagree| 4| . Agree| 13| 5. Strongly agree| 4| Total| 30| ENVIRONMENT: Q. 5. My work area offers me clean, comfortable, supportive and well organised working environment: Interpretation: 44% of the employees agree with the statement that their working environment is clean, comfortable and well organized. If we combine the above data we get that 57% are in favour of the statement and only 30% are against. Only 13% neither agree nor disagree with the statement that means they find their places clean and comfortable sometimes and sometimes not. Q. 6. My work environment is unclean and stressful: Ranking| Results| 1.Strongly disagree| 6| 2. Disa gree| 5| 3. Neither agree nor disagree| 9| 4. Agree| 5| 5. Strongly agree| 5| Total| 30| 66% disagree 66% disagree Interpretation: From the data it is clear that 66% of the staff disagree with the statement as they find their work place and surrounding environment clean, comfortable and unstressful. Jamkash Vehicleades has recruited the sweepers for every department who frequently clean the work area with the latest technological sweeping equipments. Also every employee takes it as his responsibility to keep his work area and whole department clean ; good-looking. Q. 7.Innovations/new ways of doing things are appreciated and liked by team leaders: Ranking| Results| 1. Strongly disagree| 2| 2. Disagree| 9| 3. Neither agree nor disagree| 4| 4. Agree| 10| 5. Strongly agree| 5| Total| 30| Interpretation: Innovation and New Ideas are the keys for the success and growth of any organization. Jamkash Vehicleades also consider employee’s suggestions and ideas as an asset for the benef it of the organization. After survey it was found that 50% of the employees agree that their proposals of new ways of doing things and innovative ideas are appreciated by the team leaders and senior management.Whereas only 37% of the employees disagree with the statement. 13% of the employees are neutral in their response. MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS: Ranking| Results| 1. Strongly disagree| 3| 2. Disagree| 8| 3. Neither agree nor disagree| 2| 4. Agree| 12| 5. Strongly agree| 5| Total| 30| Q. 8. I can communicate easily ; effectively with senior management and forward my grievances/ complaints regarding my work: Interpretation: Communication means sending and receiving the information to and fro. The better the communication process the better would be the results thereafter.As if Jamkash Vehicleades has a very good communication system through which every employee can communicate with his colleagues and the senior management easily and forward his grievances / complaints. After the sur vey I also found that the maximum number of employees at Jamkash say that they can approach and communicate with the seniors easily in case of any difficulty. 57% agree with the statement, 37% disagree and only 6% are neutral. Q. 9. I am treated with respect by the management and acknowledge me for my contribution when organisations goals and objectives are achieved: Ranking| Results| 1. Strongly disagree| 4| 2. Disagree| 3| . Neither agree nor disagree| 5| 4. Agree| 11| 5. Strongly agree| 7| Total| 30| Interpretation: Respect is the key factor for job satisfaction in the organization. â€Å"Respect Others You Will Be Respected† is a true proverb, but in addition I want to say, â€Å"Respect Others and Get Things Done Easily†. If the seniors in the company give respect to their juniors/ subordinates they will in turn give more respect and better results afterwards and also will get satisfied with their job as their social need got fulfilled. Here at Jamkash Vehicleades also I found that each and every employee is being respected and honoured by the seniors.Not only this CEO Mr. Irfan Ahmad and General Manager Col. Ayoub Khan personally interact with the employees frequently and treat them with respect and honour. 60% of the employees of Jamkash Vehicleades agree that they are respected by seniors. Q. 10. Management keeps all the necessary resources ready for me at every time: Ranking| Results| 1. Strongly disagree| 4| 2. Disagree| 7| 3. Neither agree nor disagree| 5| 4. Agree| 11| 5. Strongly agree| 3| Total| 30| Interpretation: Management in Jamkash Vehicleades is very good and has satisfied the majority of employees’ population so far.The above data shows it clearly that 57% of the staff agree with the statement. Whereas, 36% of staff disagree and only 17% are neutral. COMPETENCY: Q. 11. I find my job Challenging: Ranking| Results| 1. Strongly disagree| 5| 2. Disagree| 3| 3. Neither agree nor disagree| 2| 4. Agree| 11| 5. Strongly agree| 6| Total| 30| Interpretation: Everybody wants to get a job that best suits him, in a well reputed company so as to satisfy his social and esteem needs. With such a vision and mission, Jamkash Vehicleades provides job opportunities for the local people.Majority of the people after selection found their job, work environment and the climate in the organization challenging ; on top level than other companies in the valley. 66% of the employees found their job as challenging; only 27% disagree with the statement. Q. 12. I have attended Staff Development Programmes